The term “heart disease” can be refers to several types of heart condition. This is caused when the heart’s blood vessels – the coronary arteries – become narrowed or blocked and can’t supply enough blood to the heart. It can lead to angina and/or a heart attack. Sometimes heart disease may be “silent” and not diagnosed until a person experiences signs or symptoms of a heart attack, heart failure, or an arrhythmia.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term that describes a disease of the heart or blood vessels. Blood flow to the heart, brain or body can be reduced because of a blood clot (thrombosis) build-up of fatty deposits inside an artery, leading to the artery hardening and narrowing (atherosclerosis)
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including African American, American Indian, Alaska Native, Hispanic, and white men. For women from the Pacific Islands and Asian American, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Hispanic women, heart disease is second only to cancer
Heart diseases or Cardiovascular disorders have been shown to be among the predominant causes of sudden, unexpected natural deaths in Nigeria, while hypertensive heart disease and intracerebral hemorrhaged are the most prevalent individual causes.
In Nigeria, CVD comprise the highest burden of NCD, with hypertension adding to cardiac failure and stroke. Therefore, one in four healthy Nigerians is at risk to develop coronary heart disease, which include hypertension, stroke and Intracerebral hemorrhage.
The key facts shown in the Figure and Tables 1 and 2 [PDF – 475 KB] include the following estimates for the Nigeria adult population: Nearly half of adults have hypertension (119.9 million). About 1 in 4 adults with hypertension have their hypertension under control (27.0 million).
Cardiomegaly or an enlarged heart is when your heart is abnormally thick or overly stretched, becoming larger than usual, with difficulty pumping blood
CASUSES OF HEART ENLARGEMENT
An enlarged heart isn’t a condition in itself, An enlarged heart, or cardiomegaly, means you have a condition that makes your heart use extra effort to pump. Various conditions can make it happen, Some of the many causes include:
People from age 45- 65 and older are much more likely than younger people to suffer a heart attack, to have a stroke, or to develop coronary heart disease (commonly called heart disease) and heart failure. Even though cardiovascular disease is typically associated with older adults, heart disease can also occur at any age. In the United States, many people have health conditions (like obesity and high blood pressure) that raise the risk of cardiovascular disease in their 20s and 30s
Whenever you are experiencing the following signs of discomfort in your body system, kindly know it’s a deep sing of heart diseases also known as cardiovascular diseases:
From the General random-effects meta-analysis, we estimated an overall hypertension prevalence of 28.9% (25.1, 32.8), with a prevalence of 29.5% (24.8, 34.3) among men and 25.0% (20.2, 29.7) among women. We estimated a prevalence of 30.6% (24.5, 36.6) and 26.4% (19.4, 33.4) among urban and rural dwellers, respectively.
The prevalence of hypertension is estimated to be between 40 and 50 per cent of Nigeria’s over 200 million population, which is in the range of 80 to 100 million Nigerians
2. STROKE: Symptoms of stroke include trouble walking, speaking and understanding, as well as paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. It can occur when blood flow to the brain is blocked or there is sudden bleeding in the brain.
A stroke, sometimes call a brain attack, happens in one of two ways: A blocked artery or a ruptured artery. A stroke, sometimes called a brain attack, occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. In either case, parts of the brain become damaged or die.
3. PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASES: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the legs or lower extremities is the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. It is primarily caused by the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, which is called atherosclerosis.
The first symptom of PAD is usually pain, cramping or discomfort in your legs or buttocks (intermittent claudication). This happens when you’re active and goes away when you’re resting. The narrowing of the arteries causes a decrease in blood flow. Symptoms include leg pain, numbness, cold legs or feet and muscle pain in the thighs, calves or feet
4. Arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat : This is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. Your heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm. It is normal for your heart rate to speed up during physical activity and to slow down while resting or sleeping.
Things that can cause an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) include:
Who is at risk of arrhythmia?
You may be more likely to have arrhythmias if you have: Heart and blood vessel diseases, such as cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, heart attack, and heart inflammation. Kidney disease. Lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
5. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES: Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time. This causes coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart.
Coronary artery disease can range from no symptoms, to chest pain, to a heart attack.
Treatments include lifestyle changes, medication, angioplasty and surgery.
The major causes of coronary artery disease
Cholesterol deposits, or plaques, are almost always to blame. These buildups narrow your arteries, decreasing blood flow to your heart. This can cause chest pain, shortness of breath or even a heart attack. having excessive cholesterol in your body system is one of the major causes of heart or cardiovascular diseases if not treated on time.
6. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILOUR: Heart failure can occur if the heart cannot pump (systolic) or fill (diastolic) adequately.
Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs and rapid heartbeat. Most often, heart failure is caused by another medical condition that damages your heart. This includes coronary heart disease, heart inflammation, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, or an irregular heartbeat.
Symptoms
This kind of Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. When this happens, blood often backs up and fluid can build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath this certain heart conditions gradually leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump blood properly. These conditions include narrowed arteries in the heart and high blood pressure.
Heart failure can be caused by a weakened, damaged or stiff heart. … The heart muscle can be damaged by certain infections, heavy or too much alcohol and smoke use,
Here are the major risk factors to heart diseases: A buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries (atherosclerosis) is the most common include
Considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For the individual patient, other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors cause of coronary artery disease. Risk factors include a poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity and smoking, too much alcohol intake, old Age can also gear the occurrence of cardiovascular [ heart] diseases .
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